💡 Isovolumetric contraction = Highest O2 consumption. a wave = atrial contraction.

💡 Inulin = GFR. PAH = Renal Plasma Flow.

💡 Phase 0 (Heart) = Na+ influx. Phase 2 = Ca2+ plateau.

💡 Cortisol = highest in morning. PTH increases Ca2+, lowers PO4.

💡 V/Q ratio = 0.8 normal. Dead space = high V/Q. Shunt = low V/Q.

💡 Gastrin from G cells. CCK from I cells (contracts gallbladder). Secretin from S cells.

💡 Skeletal: T-tubule→Ryanodine→Ca2+. Smooth: IP3→Ca2+. Rigor = no ATP.

💡 Intrinsic pathway = PTT. Extrinsic = PT. Common = both. vWF bridges platelets.

💡 REM = desynchronized EEG, dreams, atonia. Delta waves = slow wave sleep.

💡 Rods = scotopic (dim light). Cones = photopic (color). Organ of Corti = hearing.